CHLORINATED PARAFFIN (Chlorinated Paraffin, CP, Klorlu Parafin)
PRODUCT CPW 50/52 PROPERTIES STANDARD METHOD
Chemical Name Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) CP 50/52 -
Appearance Clear light yellow liquid -
Chlorine Content 50-52% IF 14426-A
Specific Gravity (25 °C) 1.28 ± 0.2gr / cm3 ASTM D 4052-96
Viscosity (25 °C) Poise * 12-20 ASTM D 445
Thermal Stability (4h, 175 °C), Max 0.15 % HCl IF 14426-D
Appearance: white powder
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is non-poisonous, non-inflammable low volatility, and high insulativity. It can be used as flame retardants and plasticizer. Widely used in the production of cable materials, floor, panel , shoes, rubber and other products. It also can be applied in coatings and lubricating oil additive.
Antisum, damp-proof and preventing overheating are required during storage.
Name and Chemical formula: CnH2n+2-yCly (%Cl=50-52)
ISO 9001: 2000 ISO 14001
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes. The chlorination degree of CPs can vary between 30 and 70 wt%. CPs are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17). Depending on chain length and chlorine content, CPs are colorless or yellowish liquids or solids.
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions ( 2 % isoparaffins, 100 ppm aromatics) at a temperature of 80–100 °C. The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light.
CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl
When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen. Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures.
Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition. CPs are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.
CPs are produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Asia. In China, where most of the world production capacity is located, 600,000 tons of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s were produced in 2007.
Product Name: Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) CPW 50/52
Recommend of use: Plasticizers and flame retardant additive and Solvent
CAS No: 85535-84-8
Chemical formula: CnH2n+2-yCly (%Cl=50-52)
Ingredient: % 50-52 Chlorine, Liquid CPW
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CPW) / TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
S.No. PARAMETER TEST METHOD UNIT SPECIFICATION
1 Appearance - - Pale Yellow Liquid
2 Color ASTM D1045 Hazen 125 Max
3 Chlorine Content IS-14426 % 50-52
4 Density @270C ASTM D1045 gr/cm3 1.29+-0.1
5 Thermal Stability IS-14426 % 0.1 Max
6 Acidity IS-14426 % 0.1 Max
7 Viscosity @270C ASTM D445 cst 500-1000
Chlorine Paraffin (CPW)
Chlorine paraffin is used as a secondary plasticizer in PVC processes. It shows plasticizer characteristics.
Because it is economical, it provides savings relative to primary plasticizers.
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s have no characteristic mild and unpleasant smell. The odor is likely due to small amounts of relative low molecular mass with small but measurable vapor pressure. The carbon chain length and chlorine content of paraffin determine the chemical and physical properties of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin). It increases in carbon chain length and chlorination degrees of certain paraffins increase viscosity and density, but reduces volatility. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s normally contain stabilizers that are added to prevent degradation. Common stabilizers include epoxidized esters and epoxided compounds such as soybean oils, pentaeritritol, thymol, urea, acetonitriles, and organic phosphates.
Chlorine Paraffin Which Areas Used
The areas where chlorine paraffin can be used are as follows:
It is used in vinyl and acrylic paints
As a non-flammable plasticizer in PVC formulations,
It is used as a high pressure additive in lubricants as a burn retardant additive in cable cases.
It is used as working fluid in metal processing
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), General specification:
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is manufactured by the chlorination of n-paraffin or paraffin wax, normally in a batch process. The reaction is exothermic and leads to the generation of the by-product hydrochloric acid. After removing residual traces of acid, a stabilizer is added to produce finished batches.
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), Applications:
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) uses for replacing the main plastics Dioxyl Phthalate-Dioxo-Acetyl Phthalate Expansion and Plasticizers in the processing of vinyl polymers, auxiliary polymers and chlorinated tires of neoprene Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is an additives in lubricating oils and industrial oils such as oils in rollers, CP is use as drawing of refractory materials, production of PVC films, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) also use for making artificial leather production, rubber industry, cable sheathing, flexible PVC pipes production, and production of marine paints.
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is a plasticizer largely used in PVC. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is used as an additive in industrial lubricants like gear oil as a fire retardant chemical additive.
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is used as plasticizers in paint sealants and adhesives. The main advantage over other alternatives is inertness and it enhances flame retardant properties. Cpw with high chlorine content is used as flame retardants in a wide range of rubbers and polymer systems.
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is also used in formulation of metal working lubricants as they are one of the most effective extreme pressure additives for lubricants used in a wide range of machining and engineering operations.
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), Packing:
Our Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is packed in 220 kg plastic drums, shrink and palletize. We can offer Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) in customized packing, as well.
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), export destinations:
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), mostly offered by customers who are manufacturing the best quality PVC, Leather, Cable making, Marine Paints. So, we are exporting Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) to African, European, South American, East Asian countries.
Our Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is producing, packing and exporting to mention above destinations, under Iran Chemical Mine authorization by the best Iranian Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) raw materials in accordance with ASTM standard.
For taking updated price for Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) and knowing more about further details, please contact us by our contact lines/email.
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), technical Specification
CP grade cp 50
Chlorine content 50-52%
Appearance pale yellow liquid
Colour in hazen unit 120
Specific gr. At 30 c 1. 26-1. 28
Viscosity at 25 c in poise 13-18
Thermal stability at 180 c for 1 hour pale yellow to light yellow
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes. The chlorination degree of CPs can vary between 30 and 70 wt%. CPs are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short-chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium-chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long-chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17). Depending on chain length and chlorine content, CPs are colorless or yellowish liquids or solids.
Contents
1 Production of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)
2 Industrial applications of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)
3 Safety of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)
4 References
5 Sources
6 Further reading
7 External links
Production of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions (<2 % isoparaffins, <100 ppm aromatics) at a temperature of 80–100 °C.[2] The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light.[3][1]
CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl
When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen. Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures.[4][5]
Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition. CPs are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers[6] which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.[7]
CPs are produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Asia.[8] In China, where most of the world production capacity is located, 600,000 tons of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s were produced in 2007.[9] Production and use volumes of CPs exceeded 1,000,000 tons in 2013.[10]
Industrial applications Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)
Production of CPs for industrial use started in the 1930s.[11] Currently, over 200 CP formulations are in use for a wide range of industrial applications, such as flame retardants and plasticisers, as additives in metal working fluids, in sealants, paints, adhesives, textiles, leather fat and coatings.[12][1]
Safety
Short-chain CPs are classified as persistent and their physical properties (octanol-water partition coefficient (logKOW) 4.4–8, depending on the chlorination degree) imply a high potential for bioaccumulation. Furthermore, SCCPs are classified as toxic to aquatic organisms, and carcinogenic to rats and mice. Therefore, it was concluded that SCCPs have PBT and vPvB properties and they were added to the Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation under REACH Regulation.[13] SCCPs (average chain length of C12, chlorination degree 60 wt%) were categorised in group 2B as possibly carcinogenic to humans from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).[14] In 2017, it was agreed to globally ban SCCPs under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, effective December 2018. However, also MCCPs are toxic to the aquatic environment and persistent; MCCPs in soil, biota, and most of the sediment cores show increasing time trends over the last years to decades; MCCP concentrations in sediment close to local sources exceed toxicity thresholds such as the PNEC.
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) – is a complex chemical substance of polychlorinated n-alkanes used in multiple applications across diverse industries.
The chlorination degree of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) can vary between 30 and 70 wt%. CPs are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into :
Short-chain C10-C13
Medium-chain C14-C17
Long-chain C>17
Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) are colourless or yellowish liquids or solids
Production
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are synthesized for industrial by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions at a temperature of 80–100 °C since the 1930s.
Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition. CPs are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.
USES
The main application for Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) is as a flame retardant. When exposed to high temperatures, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) releases a substantial amount of HCI. In its condensed phase, HCI contributes to the formation of char. In its vapor phase, it can function as a flame poison.
Currently, over 200 formulations as Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) are in use for a wide range of industrial applications as:
plasticizer: CP is used in some types of flooring, wire and cable insulation, and garden hose.
paints – sealants – coatings : In traffic markings paint and marine applications, such as coatings for industrial flooring, vessels, swimming pools, etc. adhesives, caulks, plastics, coolant or lubricant in metal working fluids, additives, textiles, leather fat, coating, upholsteryfurniture, flooring.
Benefits of using Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)
Overall Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) offers:
Flame-retardant low-cost solution for a wide range of applications.
Greater flexibility at lower temperatures than conventional plasticizers.
Improved resistance to both water and chemicals.
Improved stain resistance.
Viscosity regulation for PVC plastisols stability during dip and rotational molding.
Lubricant for metal surface during cleaning of metal parts. The cleaning process eliminates contaminants like grease and oil, it can also remove plasticizers that are required for an effective formulation.
handling the storage, transport, export & import formalities of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) globally.
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are a class of chemicals used for a variety of applications. They can be classified according to the length of their chlorine chains, and commercial formulations may include a mix of compounds in this class. CAS 106232-86-4 is considered a Long Chain Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (LCCP), with 24 chlorine atoms. The long form is less environmentally sensitive than short-length varieties.
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is largely inert, almost insoluble in water, and flame retardant. It can function as a plasticizing additive to for metal lubricants and cutting fluids, plastics, rubber, paint, adhesives, and more. Most of the world’s Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is produced in China.
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are slowly absorbed by the dermal route in Sprague-Dawley rats. Two (14)C-labeled Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s, C18;50-53% Cl (CP-LH) and C28;47% Cl (CP-LL), were applied to rat skin (5-7 animals of each sex) at a concentration of 66 mg/sq cm, approximately equivalent to 2000 mg/kg body weight. Only 0.7% (males) and 0.6% (females) of the C18 dose was absorbed after 96 hr. Only 0.02% of the C28 dose was absorbed in males whereas in females the level was not detectable. This indicates that increasing chain length leads to decreased permeability. Of the absorbed C18 dose, 40% was exhaled as (14)C-labeled CO2, and 20% was excreted in urine and 20% in feces. /Long chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s/
The absorption of two Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s through human skin has been studied in vitro. There was no absorption of Cereclor S52 (C14-19;52% Cl, CP-MH) following a 54-hr application to the surface of the epidermal membranes using five different receptor media. Similarly, using Cereclor 56L (C10-13; 56% Cl, CP-SH; 18.5% w/w solution in a typical cutting oil) no absorption was detected for 7 hr, but after 23 hr a slow but steady rate of absorption was detected (e.g., 0.05 +/- 0.01 ug/sq cm per hr +/- SEM; n = 6; receptor medium PEG-20 oleyl ether in saline), which was maintained for the duration of the experiment (56 hr). Owing to the anticipated low rate of absorption, the Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) samples were spiked with [(14)C] n-pentadecane and [(14)C] n-undecane for Cereclor S52 and 56L, respectively, in order to facilitate detection of the absorbed material. Measurement of the (14)C-alkanes was taken as a surrogate for the Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s, on the assumption that their rates of absorption were similar.
Female C57Bl mice were administered 12.5 MBq/kg body weight (340 uCi) (for autoradiography) or 1.25 MBq/kg body weight (34 uCi) (for determination of radioactivity) of (14)C-labeled chlorododecanes (C12) with different chlorine contents (17.5% [CP-SL], 55.9% [CP-SH] and 68.5% [CP-SH]) either by gavage or intravenous injection. Uptake of radioactivity was found by autoradiography to be highest in tissues with high cell turnover/high metabolic activity, e.g., intestinal mucosa, bone marrow, salivary glands, thymus and liver. The highest radioactivity was achieved with the Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) that had the lowest chlorine content. It was found that the long period of retention of heptane-soluble radioactivity, which indicated unmetabolized substance, in liver and fat after oral dosing increased with degree of chlorination. In this study it was also found that 30 to 60 days after injection of C12;17.5% Cl and C12;55.9% Cl a considerable retention of radioactivity was seen in the central nervous system. Exposure of late gestation mice showed a transplacental passage of radioactivity, and (14)C-labeling was primarily noted in the liver, brown fat and intestine of the fetuses. /short chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)/
(14)C-Labeled [1-(14)C]polychlorohexadecane (C16;34.1% Cl, CP-ML) was given to C57Bl mice either by gavage (females) or intravenously (both sexes) at a radioactivity level of 370 kBq/animal (10 uCi) (corresponding to 0.44 umol of the Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)). No difference in the distribution patterns was found between the oral and intravenous administration routes. After analysis by autoradiography a high level of radioactivity was found in tissues with a high cell turnover rate and/or high metabolic activity, and lower levels could be seen in the white fat depots. High levels of radioactivity were observed in the liver, kidneys, spleen, bone marrow, brown fat, intestinal mucosa, pancreas, salivary gland and the Harderian gland 24 hr after intravenous injection. After 12 days high levels of radioactivity were seen in the adrenal cortex, abdominal fat and in the bile. Later after injection (30 days), prominent radiolabeling of the brain was found which was as high as in the liver. The Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) was also administered intravenously to pregnant mice, and uptake of radioactivity in the fetuses was observed. When the mice were administered on day 10 of pregnancy no tissue-specific localization was found, but after administration in late pregnancy (day 17) the distribution pattern after 6 hr was similar to that of adult mice when examined 24 hr after administration. /Intermediate chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)/
/It was/ demonstrated that inducers and inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) affect the rate of degradation of (14)C-labeled polychlorinated dodecanes (C12) containing 68.5% (CP-SH), 55.9% (CP-SH) and 17.4% Cl (CP-SL) to (14)CO2 in exposed C57Bl mice. Pretreatment with the inhibitor piperonyl butoxide decreased the amount of (14)CO2 formed, and the decrease was more pronounced with increasing degree of chlorination. The inhibitor metyrapone decreased the exhalation of (14)CO2 but was only investigated in mice exposed to C12;68.5% Cl. The cytochrome P-450 (CYP2B1; CYP2B2) inducer, phenobarbital, moderately increased the rate of (14)CO2 formation from Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) with 68% Cl, whereas the P-448 (CYP1A1; CYP1A2) inducer, 3-methylcholanthrene, did not affect the degradation rate, indicating a cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism of chlorinated dodecanes yielding (14)CO2. /Short chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)/
CHEMICAL PROFILE: Chlorinate paraffins: Major uses: Metal working fluids and lubricants, 50 percent; plastics additives, 20 percent; rubber, 12 percent; coatings, 9 percent; caulks, sealants and adhesives, 6 percent; miscellaneous, 3 percent. Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s represent the largest production and use category in North America (46 percent). Long-Chain Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are second (33 percent) and, Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s account for the rest (21 percent).
"Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s" is the collective name given to industrial products prepared be chlorination of straight-chain paraffins or wax fractions. The carbon length of commercial products is usually between C10 - C30 and the chlorine content between 20-70 weight%. ... They are complex mixtures of many molecular species differing in the lengths of their carbon chains and in the number and relative positions of chlorine atoms present on each carbon chain.
Evaluation: There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of a commercial Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) product of average carbon-chain length C12 and average degree of chlorination 60% in experimental animals. There is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of a commercial Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) product of average carbon-chain length C23 and average degree of chlorination 43% in experimental animals. No data were available from studies in humans on the carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s. Overall evaluation: Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s of average carbon-chain length C12 and average degree of chlorination approximately 60% are possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The eye irritation potential of three different Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s, C10-13;65% Cl(CP-SH), which contained either 2.5 or 2% of two different additives or 0.7% of an epoxy stabilizer, was tested in two studies. Either 0.1 mL or "one drop" of the chloroparaffin was instilled into one conjunctival sac of groups of three rabbits. Similar results were reported for all three formulations: practically no initial pain (2 on a 6-point scale) was noted. Slight irritation (3 on a 8-point scale), shown by redness and chemosis (only noted in the formulation containing the epoxy stabilizer) of the conjunctiva with some discharge, lasted for 24 hr. One drop of 52% or 40% Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s, containing unspecified additives or 1% epoxy stabilizer, was also tested. With the 52% Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), slight immediate irritation was followed by slight redness of the conjunctiva which lasted for 24 hr. With the 40% Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), mild congestion was noted at 1 hr but no effects were seen at 24 hr. /Short chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)/
Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) ... were conducted by administering the chemical in corn oil by gavage to groups of 50 F344/N rats and 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex, 5 days per week for 103 wk. Additional groups of 10 rats per sex and dose were examined at 6 and at 12 months. Male rats received doses of 0, 1,875, or 3,750 mg/kg body weight; female rats were given 0, 100, 300, or 900 mg/kg. Male and female mice received 0, 2,500, or 5,000 mg/kg. Doses selected for the 2 yr studies were based on the results from 13 wk studies in which rats of each sex received 0 to 3,750 mg/kg, and mice of each sex, 0 to 7,500 mg/kg. Under the conditions of these 2 yr gavage studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) for male F344/N rats given 1,875 or 3,750 mg/kg per day. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) for female F344/N rats as shown by an increased incidence of adrenal gland medullary pheochromocytomas. There was clear evidence of carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) for male B6C3F1 mice as shown by an increase in the incidence of malignant lymphomas. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) for female B6C3F1 mice as shown by a marginal increase in the incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms.
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s' production and use as extreme pressure lubricants, fire retardant additives and sealants for C10-C13 (50-70% chlorinated), secondary PVC plasticizers for C14-C17 (45-60% chlorinated) and paints, extreme pressure lubricants and fire retardant additives for C20-C30 (40-70% chlorinated) may result in their release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure on the order of 2X10-5 mm Hg indicates Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases. Vapor-phase Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. Particulate-phase Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. Sunlight appears to catalyze the decomposition of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s with the evolution of hydrogen chloride. If released to soil, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are expected to have no mobility based upon estimated Koc values of 5900 to 2.2X10+8. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon the low vapor pressure of 2X10-5 mm Hg and extremely low water solubility. Based on limited biodegradation studies, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s may biodegrade in soil and water. If released into water, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon the vapor pressure and water solubility. A log BCF of 1.69, and BCF values of 7800 in fresh water fish suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to very high. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are produced or used. Use and monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s via ingestion of food and dermal contact with products containing Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s. (SRC)
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), estimated Koc values of 5900 to 2.2X10+8(SRC), determined from log Kows of 4.4 to 12.8(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicate that Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) based upon the low vapor pressure of 2X10-5 mm Hg and extremely low water solubility(4). Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure(4). Based on limited biodegradation studies Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s may biodegrade in soil(5-6).
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 573,193 workers (38,354 of these were female) were potentially exposed to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s in the US(1). Occupational exposure to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s via ingestion of food, and dermal contact with products containing Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s(SRC).
Uses of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s :
Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are used as secondary plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and can partially replace primary plasticizers such as phthalates and phosphate esters.
The use of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s has the advantage in comparison with conventional plasticizers of both increasing the flexibility of the material as well as increasing its flame retardancy and low-temperature strength. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are also used as extreme pressure additives in metal- machining fluids or as metal working lubricants or cutting oils because of their viscous nature, compatibility with oils, and property of releasing hydrochloric acid at elevated temperatures. The hydrochloric acid reacts with metal surfaces to form a thin but strong solid film of metal chloride lubricant. They are added to paints, coatings and sealants to improve resistance to water and chemicals, which is most suitable when they are used in marine paints, as coatings for industrial flooring, vessels and swimming pools (e.g., rubber and chlorinated rubber coatings), and as road marking paints.
The flame-retarding properties of highly Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s make them important as additives in plastics, fabrics, paints and coatings. The most effective fire-retardant action is obtained with a high degree of chlorination. By the late 1970s approximately 50% of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s in the USA was used as extreme pressure lubricant additives in the metal-working industry; 25% was used in plastics and fire-retardant and water- repellant fabric treatments, and the rest was used in paint, rubber, caulks and sealants In the United Kingdom, 65-70% of the consumed Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s is used as a secondary plasticizer in PVC, about
